{"id":7596,"date":"2022-04-30T17:14:25","date_gmt":"2022-04-30T14:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/?p=7596"},"modified":"2022-12-09T15:17:42","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T12:17:42","slug":"metaverse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/metaverse\/","title":{"rendered":"METAVERSE"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\r\n
\r\n\t

SCIENCE FICTION – METAVERSE<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gelecekle ilgili optimist bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z okuyucuya \u00e7ok abart\u0131l\u0131 gelebilir. Ancak gelecekle ilgili tasvirler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, hevesler konusunda \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumdan beri science \ufb01ction yazarlar\u0131ndan, f\u00fct\u00fcristik felsefeden zevk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyim. Mimarl\u0131k gelece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, gelece\u011fe bakar, gelece\u011fi hayal eder, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften dersler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, tecr\u00fcbelerini kullan\u0131r ama bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131yla, bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in in\u015fa eder. Gelecek bizim umutlar\u0131m\u0131z, hayallerimizdir. Elbette o g\u00fcn geldi\u011finde istediklerimizi yeterince elde edemeyebiliriz, hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131na u\u011frayabiliriz. Gene de gelece\u011fi kurgulamaktan vazge\u00e7emeyiz. Bazen gelecek ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir yerde de sakl\u0131d\u0131r (Back to the Future). Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla var olan \u00e7evreden farkl\u0131 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 anlatmaya niyetlenen belki de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla ilk science \ufb01ction yaz\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinen Lucian\u2019\u0131n (Lukianos) M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Ger\u00e7ek \u00d6yk\u00fc\u2019 d\u00fcr. Yazar Ad\u0131yaman yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda, Samsat\u2019ta (Samosota) ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esasen Ernst Jentsch (1906), hatta daha \u00f6nce Jules Verne, ondan da daha \u00f6nce Mary Shelley\u2019in yazd\u0131klar\u0131na kulak vermek yararl\u0131 olur. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sigmund Freud ilk defa \u2018The Uncanny\u2019 ad\u0131nda bilim kurgu, bilin\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar, hayali ki\u015filikler \u00fczerine bir makale yazd\u0131. Kurt Vonnegut\u2019un roman\u0131 \u2018Player Piano\u2019 (1952) zaman\u0131ndan esinlenerek otomasyon distopisini ele al\u0131r, teknolojinin ya\u015fam kalitesi \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkisini anlat\u0131r. Hik\u00e2ye, insan emek\u00e7ilere olan ihtiyac\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran, neredeyse tamamen mekanize olan yak\u0131n gelecekteki bir toplumda ge\u00e7er. Yayg\u0131n makinele\u015fme, zengin \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f, toplumu ayakta tutan m\u00fchendisler ve y\u00f6neticiler ile toplumdaki becerilerinin ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yerini makinelere b\u0131rakan alt s\u0131n\u0131f aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma yarat\u0131r. Forrest J. Ackerman 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk olarak \u2018sci-fi\u2019 (k\u0131saltma: science fiction) terimini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Masahiro Mori 1970\u2019de, \u2018Bukimi No Tani\u2019 (The Uncanny Valley) makalesini yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Makale, robotlar daha insanc\u0131l hale geldik\u00e7e, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerindeki hemen g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmayan kusurlar\u0131n onlar\u0131 \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc hale getirdi\u011fi noktaya ula\u015f\u0131lana kadar daha al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fckleri hipotezini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlem, Mori\u2019yi robot tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, robotlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f ve hareket a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i hale getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inand\u0131rd\u0131. 1988\u2019de Mori, Japonya\u2019da \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki ilk robot yapma yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenledi ve o zamandan ba\u015flayarak robot yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a destekledi. Robocon hakk\u0131nda Mori \u015f\u00f6yle der; \u201cBir aktivitede kendimizi kaybetti\u011fimizde yarat\u0131c\u0131, arkada\u015f canl\u0131s\u0131 ve e\u011flenceli hale geliriz. Oyun oynarlarken \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Tamamen oyuna dalarlar; hepsinin g\u00f6zleri parlar ve g\u00fclerler. Oyunun i\u00e7ine girerler, kendilerini kaybederler. Robocon\u2019un da verdi\u011fi mesaj bu: Bencil olmamak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 sevmek ve harika \u015feyler yaratman\u0131n sevincini payla\u015fmak.\u201d Fakat burada as\u0131l mesele optimistik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla belirtti\u011fimiz g\u00fczel gelece\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya ka\u00e7an, insani de\u011ferlerden ve duygulardan yoksun, ar\u0131za veren teknolojik bir de\u011fi\u015fimin yorumlanmas\u0131. Elbette her \u015fey hedeflendi\u011fi gibi kusursuz olmayacak, \u00e7e\u015fitli arazlar, insani ve teknolojik hatalar olacak. Gelecekle ilgili umutlu bir beklentiye, mimarinin bilim kurgu d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki pesimistik, distopik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler geli\u015ftiren yazarlar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, felsefecilerle bir filtreden ge\u00e7irilerek bak\u0131labilmesi ku\u015fkusuz ki yararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilim mi kurguyu, kurgu mu bilimi itekliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Greek prefix \u201c\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u201d, \u201cmeta\u201d meaning \u201cafter\u201d or \u201cbeyond\u201d, \u201cmore comprehensive\u201d or \u201ctranscending\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

the stem \u201cverse,\u201d a backformation from the word \u201cuniverse\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Belli bir d\u00f6neme kadar, Bilimkurgu literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde ve dijital ortamda yaz\u0131lan zaman \u00f6tesi, zaman gerisi ya da ilerisi hikayelerde, diyaloglar\u0131n ve olaylar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n estetik kalitesi ve entelekt\u00fcel inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, pek de ilk s\u0131ralarda yer alm\u0131yordu. Yapay zek\u00e2 algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n, programlar, filtreler, post-production k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri ve h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sahneler yard\u0131m\u0131yla meydana getirdi\u011fi tek boyutlu ama 4 boyutlu gibi hissedilen bu d\u00fcnya, mesle\u011fi mek\u00e2n \u00fcretmek olan profesyonellere dahi olduk\u00e7a inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gelir. Peki, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131, bu \u00e7ok boyutlu d\u00fcnya i\u00e7erisinde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir mi? Yoksa sadece kendi fanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilen ve ge\u00e7ici bir d\u00f6neme referans veren bir \u201cfantezi d\u00fcnyas\u0131\u201d olarak kalmaya mahk\u00fbm mudur? Facebook firmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ismini Meta olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, Metaverse\u2019\u00fcn sosyal medya ve insan ili\u015fkilerini nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fi konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ate\u015fledi. Bir\u00e7ok VR ve AR tabanl\u0131 platform (Second Life, iTechArt, Oculus VR, HTC, Unity, Magic Leap) aktif finansal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek teknoloji ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131na oryante ederek, bu platformdan ne \u015fekilde kar edebilecekleri konusunda yar\u0131\u015fa girdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken asl\u0131nda Metaverse fikri ve ismi halihaz\u0131rda \u00f6yk\u00fcler, filmler ve oyunlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla literat\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015fti. Jules Verne’in \u201cAy\u2019a Seyahat\u201d ve \u201cDenizler Alt\u0131nda Yirmi Bin Fersah\u201d kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m. \u00dcnl\u00fc Frans\u0131z yazar Jules Verne, bu bilimkurgu kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc yazar Orhan Pamuk, yine ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 roman\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak tamamen kurgusal \u00f6yk\u00fc ve hat\u0131ralardan olu\u015fan Masumiyet M\u00fczesi\u2019ni a\u00e7t\u0131 ve edebiyat\u0131n kurgusal taraf\u0131n\u0131n manifestosunu gelece\u011fin hayali ile resmetti. Ya da yazar Neal Stephenson\u2019\u0131n, internetin sanal ger\u00e7eklik tabanl\u0131 bir halefini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 1992 bilimkurgu roman\u0131 \u201cSnow Crash\u201dte \u201cmetaverse\u201d terimini kullanmas\u0131! Romanda insanlar\u0131n dijital avatarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sanal d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fi, birbirleriyle etkile\u015fime girdikleri ve ortak bir sanal evrene ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l tasvir ediliyor. William Gibson’\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc kitab\u0131 Neuromancer\u2019\u0131n (1984) f\u00fct\u00fcristik vizyonu ve kurgusu ile \u015fu an ki sanal d\u00fcnyadan pekte farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Ard\u0131ndan, insanlar\u0131n yapay zekan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sanal ger\u00e7eklikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dijital d\u00fcnyan\u0131n temsili filmler ve diziler geliyor. Wachowski Karde\u015flerin 1999 yap\u0131m\u0131 Matrix ve Steven Spielberg\u2019\u00fcn Ernest Cline’nin ayn\u0131 isimli roman\u0131ndan uyarlanan 2018 yap\u0131m\u0131 Ready Player One filmleri ve serileri! Ya da LOST, Black Mirror dizileri\u2026 Hepsi bizleri Metaverse evreninin merak uyand\u0131ran d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor. Sonras\u0131nda MMORPG, MUD1, NSFNET, Runescape ile ba\u015flay\u0131p Fortnite, Roblox, World of Warcraft, Second Life gibi birden \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan multiplayer oyunlarla geli\u015fen online platformlar. Mitoloji, felsefe, mimari, sanat, matematik ve literat\u00fcr gibi farkl\u0131 aray\u00fczlerin kataliz\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde evirildi\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u2013 Metaverse \u2013 \u201cgeleneksel bilgisayarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sanal ve art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7eklik cihazlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i 3 boyutlu sanal ortamlar\u0131 destekleyen, internetin varsay\u0131msal bir yinelemesi; dijital bir\u00e7ok platform ve arac\u0131n birle\u015ferek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir evren\u201d\u2026Blockchain teknolojisi ile gelen kriptografik olarak zincirlenen g\u00fcvenli veri sistemleri ve Web 3.0 ekosisteminde merkezsizle\u015fmi\u015f, dijitalle\u015fen finans, \u00fcretim ve tedarik zincirleri…Dijitalle\u015fen mimarinin IoT, VR, AR, XR, additive manufacturing, parametricism gibi code-generated aray\u00fczler kullan\u0131larak payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 platformlar haline gelmesi\u2026 Sanat\u0131n NFT art galerilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve bu sanat eserlerinin cryptocurrency gibi dijital para sistemleri ile ticareti\u2026Dijital ve sosyal medyan\u0131n, sanat\u0131n, mimarinin, e\u011flence sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n, ili\u015fkilerin, bazen cm\u00b2 bazen de m\u00b2 cinsinden \u201cethical a carefree\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde zemin bulmas\u0131\u2026Sorumuz insan ya\u015fam\u0131 devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece hep var olacak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Acaba bilim mi kurguyu, kurgu mu bilimi itekliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t

<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Daily anti-aging cream<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Magic eye cream<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Magic eye cream<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Multi-peptide soothing moisturizer<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Multi-peptide soothing moisturizer<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Multi-peptide soothing moisturizer<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Refreshing complete vitamin C Nectar serum<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Learn more<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t
<\/div> Learn more<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"SCIENCE FICTION - METAVERSE   Gelecekle ilgili optimist bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z okuyucuya \u00e7ok abart\u0131l\u0131 gelebilir. Ancak gelecekle ilgili tasvirler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, hevesler konusunda \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumdan beri science \ufb01ction yazarlar\u0131ndan, f\u00fct\u00fcristik felsefeden zevk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-metaverse"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7596"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7616,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7596\/revisions\/7616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gadfoundation.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}